Advances in Angle-Only Filtering and Tracking in Two and Three Dimensions

Two-dimensional bearing-only filtering (BOF) arises in many real-world tracking problems, including underwater tracking using a passive sonar, aircraft surveillance using a passive radar, navigation of a robot using a passive sonar, and undersea exploration of natural resources using sonar. BOF using a single sensor is also a challenging nonlinear filtering problem due to poor observability and the nonlinear measurement model. This filtering problem and associated tracking problem have been studied..