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Quality of Parallel & Distributed Programs & Systems - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Quality of Parallel & Distributed Programs & Systems - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The field of parallel computing dates back to the mid-fifties, where research labs started the development of so-called supercomputers with the aim to significantly increase the performance, mainly the number of (floating point) operations a machine is able to perform per unit of time. Since then, significant advances in hardware and software technology have brought the field to a point where the long-time challenge of tera-flop computing was reached in 1998. While increases in performance are still a driving factor in parallel and distributed processing, there are many other challenges to be addressed in the field. Enabled by growth of the Internet, the majority of desktop computers nowadays can be seen as part of a huge distributed system, the World Wide Web. Advances in wireless networks extend the scope to a variety of mobile devices (including notebooks, PDAs, or mobile phones). Information is therefore distributed by nature, users require immediate access to information sources, to computing power, and to communication facilities. While performance in the sense defined above is still an important criterion in such kind of systems, other issues, including correctness, reliability, security, ease of use, ubiquitous access, intelligent services, etc. must be considered already in the development process itself. This extended notion of performance covering all those aspects is called "quality of parallel and distributed programs and systems". In order to examine and guarantee quality of parallel and distributed programs and systems special models, metrics and tools are necessary. The six papers selected for this volume tackle various aspects of these problems.

DKK 601.00
1

Parallel Computing Using Reversible Quantum Systolic Networks & their Super-Fast Array Entanglement - Anas N Al Rabadi - Bog - Nova Science Publishers

Parallel Computing Using Reversible Quantum Systolic Networks & their Super-Fast Array Entanglement - Anas N Al Rabadi - Bog - Nova Science Publishers

In quantum computing, and because all of the states of the quantum system can exist simultaneously, all of the paths of the quantum computations tree from the root to the leaves occur in parallel and only after measurement a single path will be observed as the whole system''s composite state will collapse into that single path. From a computation perspective, each path in the tree of quantum computing is a single processing, and thus a massive computational parallelism exists with massive number of calculations performed simultaneously. Systolic devices provide inexpensive but massive calculation power, and are cost-effective, high-performance, and special-purpose systems that have wide range of implementations such as in solving several regular and compute-bound problems containing repetitive multiple operations on large arrays of data. This book presents research in the study of parallel computing.

DKK 534.00
2

Flexible Text Searching - Konstantinos G Margaritis - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Flexible Text Searching - Konstantinos G Margaritis - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Exact and approximate string matching problem is a common and often repeated task in information retrieval and bioinformatics. As current free textual databases are growing almost exponentially with the time, the string matching problem is becoming more expensive in terms computational times. The authors believe that recent advances in parallel and distributed processing techniques are currently mature enough and can provide powerful computing means convenient for overcoming this string matching problem. In this book the authors present a short survey for well known sequential exact and approximate string searching algorithms. Further, the authors propose four text searching implementations onto general purpose parallel computer like a cluster of heterogeneous workstations using MPI message passing library. The first three parallel implementations are based on the static and dynamic master-worker methods. Further, the authors propose a hybrid parallel implementation that combines the advantages of static and dynamic parallel methods in order to reduce the load imbalance and communication overhead. Moreover, the authors present linear processor array architectures for flexible exact and approximate string matching. These architectures are based on parallel realisation of dynamic programming and non-deterministic finite automaton algorithms. The algorithms consist of two phases, i.e. pre-processing and searching. Then, starting from the data dependence graphs of the searching phase, parallel algorithms are derived, which can be realised directly onto special purpose processor array architectures for approximate string matching. Further, the pre-processing phase is also accommodated onto the same processor array designs. In addition, the proposed architectures support flexible patterns i.e. patterns with a "don''t care" symbol, patterns with a complement symbol and patterns with a class symbol. Finally, this book proposes a generic design of a programmable array processor architecture for a wide variety of approximate string matching algorithms to gain high performance at low cost. Further, the authors describe the architecture of the array and the architecture of the cell in more detail in order to efficiently implement for both the pre-processing and searching phases of most string matching algorithms.

DKK 534.00
2

Unauthorized Aliens & Noncitizens - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Unauthorized Aliens & Noncitizens - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Federal law bars aliens residing without authorisation in the United States from most federal benefits; however, there is a widely held perception that many unauthorised aliens obtain such benefits. The degree to which unauthorised resident aliens should be accorded certain rights and privileges as a result of their residence in the United States, along with the duties owed by such aliens given their presence, remains the subject of debate in Congress. This book focuses on the policy and legislative debate surrounding unauthorised aliens'' access to federal benefits.

DKK 722.00
2

A Closer Look at Membrane Proteins - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

A Closer Look at Membrane Proteins - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book opens with a description of the insulin-like growth factor system, with focus on the insulin-like growth factor receptors and functions associated with them. The data on membrane proteins, their N-glycome and oxidation status id related to the authors'' findings on the receptors in different physiological and pathological conditions, such as normal and abnormal tissue growth and development. Next, a review of the current methods used to prepare and study membrane proteins is presented, with focus on large scale simulations and special emphasis on scalable parallel methods. In closing, commandments surrounding integral membrane protein expression and purification, integral membrane protein biochemistry, integral membrane protein functionality studies and integral membrane protein high-resolution structures are described.

DKK 718.00
1

Silicon Carbide Particulate Reinforced Aluminum Alloys Matrix Composites Fabricated by Squeeze Casting Method - Adem Onat - Bog - Nova Science

Silicon Carbide Particulate Reinforced Aluminum Alloys Matrix Composites Fabricated by Squeeze Casting Method - Adem Onat - Bog - Nova Science

Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are now attracting enormous interest, because of their superiority in strength, stiffness, wear resistance, elevated temperature strength or other engineering properties. Parallel to commercialisation, there are research centres throughout the world that are actively researching further development and exploitation of net or near net shape fabrication process. In this book, the production and characterisation of SiC particles reinforced Al alloy matrix composites produced by squeeze casting are investigated. The effects of volume fraction of SiC on microstructure, mechanical properties are examined as well. Also the results of the production of gravity cast matrix alloy, to determine the effect of pressure on microstructure and properties are described in this book.

DKK 534.00
2

CA for Optimization - Saeed Setayeshi - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

CA for Optimization - Saeed Setayeshi - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Cellular Automata (CA) form a general class of models of dynamical systems which are simple yet capture a rich variety of behaviour. This has made them a favourite tool for studying the generic behaviour of and modelling complex dynamical systems. Historically CA are also intimately related to the development of concepts of computers and computation. This connection continues to be a theme often found in discussions of CA. Moreover, despite the wide differences between CA and conventional computer architectures, CA are convenient for computer simulations in general and parallel computer simulations in particular. This book examines how CA have gained importance with the increasing use of simulations in the development of our understanding of complex systems and their behaviour.

DKK 633.00
2

Dual Processing Model of Visual Information - Hitoshi Sasaki - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Dual Processing Model of Visual Information - Hitoshi Sasaki - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

In order to investigate a possible role of visual processing in regulation of adaptive behaviours, two behavioural experiments using colour stimulus were performed in human subjects. In the first experiment, hemispheric asymmetry of colour processing was investigated by measuring reaction time to a stimulus presented either in the left or the right visual field responded by the ipsilateral hand. In the second experiment, a modulatory effect of colour on sensory motor gait was investigated using a prepulse inhibition task. Traditionally, it was though that these two processes are in series, while in the present model, these processes are in parallel, in addition to the serial processing. The authors of this book examine the results of these two models and its implications, as well as other developments in the field.

DKK 538.00
1

Education to Meet New Challenges in a Networked Society - Paul Weaver - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Education to Meet New Challenges in a Networked Society - Paul Weaver - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The rapidly-evolving world of the 21st century faces tremendous challenges of economic, ecological, social, cultural and global dimensions to be handled by citizens with an increasing self-consciousness. Naming just some of the challenges provides immediate insight into their magnitude, nature and diversity: reduce and prevent international instability, reduce over exploitation of earth resources, respond to the greenhouse threat, meet the needs of a rapidly growing global population, create a fairer distribution of wealth, guide rural and urban development. These are just some of the interrelated and interacting challenges of developing sustainably in a highly dynamic and interconnected world. They are characterised by the need for long-term approaches, the involvement of many stakeholders with conflicting interests and the fact that their approach demands parallel routes on different scales.

DKK 633.00
2

Psychology of Netaholics - Carla G Suratt - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Psychology of Netaholics - Carla G Suratt - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The year 1998 witnessed the birth of a new disorder... Internet Addiction Disorder. As the number of linkage points, host computers, connected networks and individual users plugged into the Internet has continued to increase exponentially, some have begun to question the Net''s impact on our psychological well-being. Among the issues under debate is the question of whether or not Internet use is addictive. Though many regular Internet participants scoff at such an idea, and create satirical websites, IRC chat rooms and Usenet newsgroups make their point, a growing number of professionals in the field of psychology disagree. They argue that Internet participation is addictive, and that in many ways its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment parallel that of other addictions, such as compulsive gambling, shopping and even drug and alcohol use. What are we to make of this new disorder? What precisely, does "addiction" mean? Can individuals really become addicted to the Internet? This groundbreaking book examines these questions from a sociological perspective.

DKK 507.00
2

Clinical, Genetic & Molecular Precursor Features in Colorectal, Neoplasia - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Clinical, Genetic & Molecular Precursor Features in Colorectal, Neoplasia - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The understanding of the mechanisms that explain the initiation and early evolution of colorectal cancer is evolving. This should facilitate the development of new approaches to effective prevention and intervention. Over the past years, deficiencies in the current adenoma-carcinoma model for colorectal cancer, in which APC mutation is placed at the point of initiation, have been suggested. Several pathways through which cancer may develop seem to exist, such as ''chromosomal instability'' (CIN), ''microsatellite instability'' (MSI), and most recently the ''serrated pathway'' involving epigenetic changes. Parallel to discoveries in molecular pathways are the increased awareness of early and precursor features of the colorectal mucosa detected and treated by endoscopic and minimal-invasive techniques. Thus, new staging and classification systems have been developed to guide the clinician in diagnosis and choice of treatment. This book sets focus on selected clinical and molecular aspects of colorectal precursor lesions; from the endoscopically detected colorectal polyp, major molecular mechanisms, and aspects of protease-systems in colorectal cancer development. Future research on colorectal cancer needs to be stratified according to the appropriate clinical features and their associated genetic pathways involved in order to further explore important molecular mechanisms and clinicopathological consequences of chromosomal, microsatellite and epigenetic mechanisms.

DKK 405.00
2

Earthworms for Monitoring Metal Contamination - Azwady Aziz - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Earthworms for Monitoring Metal Contamination - Azwady Aziz - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Earthworms are widely used to assess the bioavailability and deleterious effects of metals in contaminated soils. This book discusses some of the direct and indirect methods that have recently been used to determine the ligand-binding speciation and the extent of the toxicologically-important bio-reactive metal and metalloid fractions in the cells of earthworms as receptor organisms. It proceeds to describe suites of cell-based biomarkers (e.g. morphometrics; neutral red retention time and immuno-competence assays), and their variants, that are more-or-less widely used for reporting chemically-evoked stress in earthworms under laboratory, semi-field, and field exposure conditions. NMR-based metabonomic profiling of the tissues of stressed earthworms is reviewed, and the potential of infra-red microspectroscopy for determining the biochemical profiles of specific cells in different functional states is highlighted. The way that the rapidly expanding genomic database is beginning to inform and propel research designed to further understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning metal trafficking and toxicosis at the level of cells, partly through the provision of immuno-histochemical and in situ hybridisation ''tools'', is discussed. The book concludes with the prediction that the future will see the adoption of high-throughput cellular, as well as molecular-genetic, biomarker techniques in earthworm ecotoxicology, possibly with parallel metal fractionation measurements done as a desirable component of experimental design.

DKK 534.00
2

Understanding Quaternions - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Understanding Quaternions - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Quaternions are members of a noncommutative division algebra first invented by William Rowan Hamilton. They form an interesting algebra where each object contains 4 scalar variables, instead of Euler angles, which is useful to overcome the gimbal lock phenomenon when treating the rotation of objects. This book is about the mathematical basics and applications of quaternions. The first four chapters mainly concerns the mathematical theories, while the latter three chapters are related with three application aspects. It is expected to provide useful clues for researchers and engineers in the related area. In detail, this book is organized as follows: In Chapter 1, mathematical basics including the quaternion algebra and operations with quaternions, as well as the relationships of quaternions with other mathematical parameters and representations are demonstrated. In Chapter 2, how quaternions are formulated in Clifford Algebra, how it is used in explaining rotation group in symplectic vector space and parallel transformation in holonomic dynamics are presented. In Chapter 3, the wave equation for a spin 3/2 particle, described by 16-component vector-bispinor, is investigated in spherical coordinates. In Chapter 4, hyperbolic Lobachevsky and spherical Riemann models, parameterized coordinates with spherical and cylindric symmetry are studied. In Chapter 5, ship hydrodynamics with allowance of trim and sinkage is investigated and validated with experiments. In Chapter 6, the ballast flying phenomenon based on Discrete Discontinuous Analysis is presented. In Chapter 7, a numerical study is proposed to analyze the effect of the caisson sliding subjected to a hydrodynamic loading in the stability of the rear side of the rubble mound breakwater.

DKK 718.00
1

Dietary Flavonoids Interfere with Cancer Radiotherapy - Katrin Sak - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Dietary Flavonoids Interfere with Cancer Radiotherapy - Katrin Sak - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

In parallel with the continuous rise of cancer incidence, efficient treatment becomes an increasingly important public health concern. Radiotherapy has remained one of the most important anticancer approaches for clinical management of a variety of human tumours, as at least half of all oncological patients receive this therapy at some stages of their disease. With the hope to attain greater anticancer response, the interest in using natural plant-derived products as complementary treatments to conventional radiotherapy has substantially increased in the recent years. However, the interactions between phytochemicals and ionizing radiation are not always known and can be often unpredictable. Therefore, in this book, the current findings about the combined treatments of malignant cells with radiation and flavonoids, the largest group of human dietary plant polyphenols, are described. These data show that under carefully chosen dosage-schedule regimens, certain flavonoids or their natural mixtures can behave as potent radiosensitizers, augmenting radiotherapeutic efficacy in different preclinical cancer models. Such radio-sensitising action of flavonoids can be achieved through modulation of the redox status and suppression of several cellular survival pathways activated by radiotherapy, ultimately leading to the death of malignant cells. As flavonoids can concurrently protect normal healthy cells from irradiation-induced injury and thereby minimize toxic adverse reactions, use of these plant-derived agents as complementary approach to radiotherapy might open new avenues for enhancement of clinical outcome. Therefore, combining conventional anticancer modalities with conscious intake of flavonoid supplements as adjuvant agents might be an important future strategy to boost the therapeutic success in the treatment of various human malignancies.

DKK 757.00
1

Statutory Individual Income Tax Rates - Maxim Shvedov - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Statutory Individual Income Tax Rates - Maxim Shvedov - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Statutory individual income tax rates, also referred to as "statutory marginal tax rates," are the rates of tax applicable to the last (marginal) increment of taxable income. Statutory rates play an important role in determining the real marginal tax rates, which affect taxpayers'' economic behavior. Developments since enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86; P.L. 99-514) are the most relevant to the current state of affairs. Since then, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (OBRA90; P.L. 101-508), the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (OBRA93; P.L. 103-66), and the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA; P.L. 107-16) and its extensions all changed the marginal income tax rate structure. Under current law, upon expiration of tax cuts enacted in 2001-2007, the rate structure will revert in 2011 to the one set by OBRA93.The six marginal income tax rates for 2008 are 10%, 15%, 25%, 28%, 33%, and 35%. Specific types of income, such as capital gains, may be subject to different sets of marginal tax rates. Alternative minimum tax system (AMT), a parallel tax system which has recently garnered considerable attention, also has a different set of parameters. Since 1981, Congress established and expanded, with slight modifications, the policy of tax indexation. Tax indexation helps prevent automatic tax increases and unintended changes in the distribution of the tax burden due to inflation. Under current law, many key components of the tax structure are indexed for inflation. Such components include the tax rate brackets, the personal exemptions and their phase-out thresholds, standard deductions, the itemised deduction limitation threshold, and others. Not all elements of the tax system, however, are currently adjusted for inflation. One of the examples is the AMT. This book summarises information about the tax brackets and other key elements of the tax system that determine taxpayer''s statutory marginal tax rate. Such elements include tax brackets, exemptions, standard deductions, etc.

DKK 514.00
2