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Hip Replacement - Warren M Burston - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Hip Replacement - Warren M Burston - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Hip osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent health condition among adults world-wide, and hip replacement surgery is the most common intervention for treating disabling end state hip osteoarthritis. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the procedures, potential complications and postoperative rehabilitation in hip replacement surgery. Topics discussed include the nature and prevalence of hip replacement surgery among ageing adults and the impact of prognostic factors such as age, gender, and body weight; the wear factor in total hip replacement bearing surfaces; hip replacement rehabilitation; forecast factors and management alternatives in hip fracture; and fretting wear at the stem-cement interface in total hip replacement.

DKK 980.00
1

Advances in Machine Learning Research - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Advances in Machine Learning Research - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

In the digital age, the field of machine learning has lived up to its promise of learning from and leveraging data in diverse fields, creating knowledge and driving decisions. This book intends to detail advances in the state-of-the-art in machine learning, one of the fastest emerging fields in the industry and one of the most popular fields of research in computational sciences. The roots of machine learning methods can be traced back to both statistics and computer science. Its story continues to evolve and the future is set to be greatly influenced through ML''s contributions to the human knowledge-base as well as the economic engine. Applied machine learning research enthuses the masses with applications such as video games that interact through a camera, self-driving cars, etc. At the same time, more basic machine learning research holds the potential to impact knowledge elicitation, learning, predictions, decisions, and optimizations in fields ranging from environmental/biomedical/clinical informatics on one hand to online retail and search on the other. Accordingly, the contents of this volume are geared to present a full-color palette consisting of improved optimization algorithms, novel ANN design architectures, along with customized methods for mining an environmental dataset, pattern recognition in images, and for improved document and text search. While many out-of-the-box implementations of machine learning algorithms are currently available, customized methods developed by honed and innovative researchers continue to provide significant improvements in various contexts. Advancements through basic research continue to break the barriers of the extent of ML''s contribution to the world.

DKK 890.00
1

Brain-Machine Interfaces - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Brain-Machine Interfaces - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Brain-Machine Interfaces: Uses and Developments reports on advances in the development of a speech prosthetic, building on previous data as well as the results of detecting phonemes, words and phrases during overt and covert speech. The following study aims to quantify and qualify the electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns of commonly used control tasks in BCI systems under different task states. The analysed control tasks were: left hand MI, right hand MI, and a relaxed but focused mental state. The original feasibility study within this manuscript aimed to evaluate the scope of applications for a novel neurorehabilitation intervention. Important observations from that initial study and considers possible applications of TLNS Technology in the future are examined. The closing opinion piece seeks to outline why the development of an electrode that does not encourage growth into the electrode tip is ill-advised, with the core reasons being rejection and less is more.

DKK 1034.00
1

Surface Modified Biochemical Titanium Alloys - M Kamaraj - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Surface Modified Biochemical Titanium Alloys - M Kamaraj - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Load bearing implants such as hip joints, knee joints and bone plates etc. are prone to failure from the conjoint effect of wear, fretting and corrosion from the movement of body. Modular junctions of hip implants consist of ball on a shaft which is under sliding conditions during body movements like walking etc. Fretting is experienced at ball and shaft contact. Fretting wear or fretting fatigue is a form of adhesive wear phenomenon wherein a small tangential oscillatory motion under certain contact pressure gradually erodes the surface and initiates crack within the contact leading to ultimate failure of the material under fatigue loading condition. Titanium alloys, Stainless steels and Co-Cr-Mo alloys are most commonly used for medical grade devices. Titanium alloys has high strength to weight ratio, superior biocompatibility and corrosion resistance compare to other materials. Fretting fatigue life of surface modified titanium alloys has improved compared to unmodified materials due to enhancement in surface properties and reduction in friction.

DKK 633.00
1

Cotton - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Cotton - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

In this compilation, the authors aim to evaluate the emulsifying properties and the foaming properties of cottonseed protein isolate produced either by isoelectric precipitation or dialysis membranes, as well as the relevant effect of some agents on these properties. Next, various aspects of amylase production, structural features of the starch, sizing of cotton yarns, amylase-assisted desizing, factors influencing the desizing process and evaluation of the desized fabrics are discussed. The closing chapter highlights the various issues involved in cotton contaminations and elimination methods, suitable for various stages of cotton processing. Color space models, machine vision, support vector machine, infrared based detection and classification systems are widely adopted with different levels of success.

DKK 718.00
1

Advances in Physical Therapy Research - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Advances in Physical Therapy Research - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

In this book, the authors present current research in the study of physical therapy applications. Topics discussed include PPARs and their role in the molecular network and disease; assessment and interventions relating to abnormal gait in patients with chronic pain; a multi-therapeutic approach in the treatment and management of a patient with a history of benign multiple sclerosis and one year post bilateral total hip arthroplasty; and an anal stretching device for use in patients with chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

DKK 1034.00
1

Landscape of Pattern Learning Applied to Public Health and Social Sciences - Saurav Mallik - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Landscape of Pattern Learning Applied to Public Health and Social Sciences - Saurav Mallik - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

In this book, different machine learning and deep learning-based approaches are provided in terms of public health and social science. This book demonstrates medical imaging-based cancer detection studies. Chapter One discusses a comprehensive analysis of tissue-specific colorectal cancer classification from H&E-stained microscopic images. Chapter Two demonstrates an Ensemble-Based CNN framework for Breast Cancer Detection in Mammograms. Chapter Three provides a Deep Learning-Based Tissue-Specific Classification technique of Colorectal Cancer from H&E-Stained Microscopic Images. Chapter Four describes Parkinson''s Disease Detection through machine learning technique from Speech and Imaging Data. Chapter Five describes empowering social causes, i.e., Indian Language Identification with Multimodality Strategy. Moreover, this book provides innovative information about pattern recognition, feature selection and disease classification from medical imaging datasets for public and social sciences that are benevolent for healthcare persons, doctors and social science researchers.

DKK 732.00
1

Revolutionary Applications of Intelligent Drones - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Revolutionary Applications of Intelligent Drones - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This work includes details starting from the basics of drone technology and discusses diverse aspects related to drone designing and implementation. Further chapters detail the impact of drone technology on society in terms of development, challenges, and security concerns. Then, implementations of artificial intelligence techniques such as machine learning, deep learning, etc., are discussed to translate drone technology into intelligent drone technology. There are diverse applications in the area of intelligent drone technologies such as agriculture, disaster management, security, military, etc. Hence, in this book, some of the drone-specific applications are discussed.

DKK 866.00
1

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemicals that occur naturally in coal, oil, and gasoline, and are also produced when wood, tobacco, and other materials are burned. Exposure to PAHs can lead to negative health consequences, so remediating their presence in the environment is significant. Chapter One uses machine learning and artificial intelligence to explain the behaviour of PAHs in indoor and outdoor environments of a university building. Chapter Two discusses PAH exposure and associated effects in elasmobranchs. Chapter Three focuses on the potential effects of plants on the phytoremediation of agricultural soils and freshwater resources contaminated with PAHs. Chapter Four includes a case study of PAHs levels in samples from the fishery industry. Lastly, Chapter Five evaluates potential associations between biliary PAHs, biomorphometric indices and biliverdin applied as a feeding status proxy in mullet (Mugil liza) from a chronically contaminated estuary in Southeastern Brazil.

DKK 757.00
1

Attack in Benghazi, Libya - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Attack in Benghazi, Libya - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton convened an Accountability Review Board for Benghazi to examine the facts and circumstances surrounding the 11 September 2012 killings of four U.S. government personnel, including the U.S. Ambassador to Libya, John Christopher Stevens, in Benghazi, Libya. A series of attacks involving arson, small-arms and machine-gun fire, and use of rocket-propelled grenades, focused on two U.S. facilities in Benghazi, as well as U.S. personnel en route between the two facilities. In addition, the attacks severely wounded two U.S. personnel, injured three Libyan contract guards and resulted in the destruction and abandonment of both facilities. This book examines whether the attacks were security related; whether security systems and procedures were adequate and implemented properly; the impact of intelligence and information availability; whether any other facts of circumstances in these cases may be relevant to appropriate security management of U.S. missions world-wide; and finally, whether any U.S. government employee or contractor, breached her of his duty.

DKK 890.00
1

Martin Van Buren - Pierre Marie Loizeau - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Martin Van Buren - Pierre Marie Loizeau - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book portrays the life of Martin Van Buren, an active architect of the Democratic Party and eighth president of the American republic, who still remains in the public mind as an obscure, if not forgotten, figure of our history. It depicts his rise to legal then political prominence. Van Buren''s long-winding road to the White House was marked by the creation of his "Albany Regency", a well-disciplined political machine that he effectively managed through the so-called spoils system and adroitly used to his own political advantage. Blessed with sound political acumen but despised for his constant political manoeuvring, he was known as "the Little Magician" by his friends and enemies alike, with different motives. As president, Van Buren was beset with the Panic of 1837, a strong economic recession resulting mostly from his predecessor''s wrong choices, but for which he paid a strong political price. This book details his life and career.

DKK 633.00
1

Privacy - Alderic Jimenez - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Privacy - Alderic Jimenez - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

It is a federal crime to wiretap or to use a machine to capture the communications of others without court approval, unless one of the parties has given their prior consent. It is likewise a federal crime to use or disclose any information acquired by illegal wiretapping or electronic eavesdropping. Violations can result in imprisonment for up to five years and fines up to $250,000 (and up to $500,000 for organisations). This book provides an overview of federal law governing wiretapping and electronic eavesdropping and the procedures they establish for law enforcement and foreign intelligence gathering purposes. It also appends citations to state law and contains a bibliography of legal commentary as well as the text of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). This book consists of public domain documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

DKK 1132.00
1

Tribology Research Trends - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Tribology Research Trends - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Tribology is the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion. It includes the study and application of the principles of friction, lubrication and wear. The study of tribology is commonly applied in bearing design but extends into almost all other aspects of modern technology, even to such unlikely areas as hair conditioners and cosmetics such as lipstick, powders and lip-gloss. Any product where one material slides or rubs over another is affected by complex tribological interactions, whether lubricated like hip implants and other artificial prosthesis or unlubricated as in high temperature sliding wear in which conventional lubricants can not be used but in which the formation of compacted oxide layer glazes have been observed to protect against wear. The wateriness of oil during foot wiping operations may be observed by the Mavis-Bootlace test. Outcomes are typically modelled in the 4-Litre-Poulner hypothesis. Tribology plays an important role in manufacturing. In metal-forming operations, friction increases tool wear and the power required to work a piece. This results in increased costs due to more frequent tool replacement, loss of tolerance as tool dimensions shift, and greater forces are required to shape a piece. A layer of lubricant which eliminates surface contact virtually eliminates tool wear and decreases needed power by one third. This book presents the latest research in the field from around the globe.

DKK 1034.00
1

Income of Americans Age 65 & Over - Patrick Purcell - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Income of Americans Age 65 & Over - Patrick Purcell - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The ageing of the American population and the retirement of the baby boom generation will place financial strains on Social Security, public and private pensions, and on retirees'' personal savings. Since the 1960s, birth rates have fallen and average life expectancy has increased. Consequently, the number of workers relative to the number of retirees is projected to decline, and retirees will have to stretch their savings and other assets over longer periods of retirement than their parents and grandparents experienced. This book presents data collected by the Census Bureau from 1969 through 2005 that describe how the demographic traits, employment patterns, and the sources and amounts of income of people 65 and older have changed over a period of nearly 40 years.

DKK 722.00
1

Export Administration Act - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Export Administration Act - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

In debates on export administration legislation, parties often fall into two camps: those who primarily want to liberalise controls in order to promote exports, and those who are apprehensive that liberalisation may compromise national security goals. While it is widely agreed that exports of some goods and technologies can adversely affect US national security and foreign policy, many believe that current export controls are detrimental to US business, that the resultant loss of competitiveness, market share, and jobs can harm the US economy, and that the harm to particular US industries and to the economy itself can negatively impact US security. Controversies arise with regard to the cost to the US economy, the licensing system, foreign availability of controlled items, and unilateral controls as opposed to multilateral regimes. In the last few years, congressional attention has focused on high-performance computers, encryption, stealth technology, precision machine tools, satellites, and aerospace technology. Congress has several options in addressing export administration policy, ranging from approving no new legislation to rewriting the entire Export Administration Act. This book examines some of the controversies and debates raised by these opposing options.

DKK 687.00
1

Prescription Drugs - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Prescription Drugs - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

By the nature of its use, the intrathecal baclofen pump is frequently implanted in children and adults with either an advanced spinal, pelvic or hip deformity who suffer from muscle spasticity. These deformities often lead to additional surgical procedures either simultaneously or after the implantation of the baclofen pump and intrathecal catheterisation. In the first chapter, several different scenarios are described and surgical manoeuvres for mitigating complications and improving outcomes in patient populations are examined. The second chapter addresses all issues dealing with the prescription of baclofen, including the questions of doses and ways to deal with adverse effects. The conclusion is that baclofen is currently revolutionising the therapeutic approach to AUD, with a prescription mainly based on the therapeutic alliance, where the patient gets personally involved, with the support of the physician, in the monitoring of the treatment. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), prescription drugs such as stimulants, opioids, and depressants are the most commonly misused classes of prescription drugs (NIDA, 2016). The authors of the third chapter examine NMUPD (i.e., depressants, opioids, and stimulants) among college students based on gender, living arrangements, and involvement in extracurricular activities. Specifically, if living arrangements and extracurricular activities influence the use of depressants, opioids, and stimulants while in college. The fourth chapter examines the relationship between nonmedical prescription drug (NMPD) use, perceived risk, ease of access, and peer disapproval of NMPDs based on school sports participation among 7th-12th grade male and female students. The final chapter of this book reviews the clinical evidence of the antimanic and the long-term mood stabilising effect of memantine and suggests the possible biological effects.

DKK 820.00
1

Anthropometry - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Anthropometry - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

In this book, the science of anthropometry, which deals with measurements of human size, shape and proportion, is examined in the context of obesity and overweight, common problems in developed countries and developing countries alike. An estimated 39% of the world''s adult population were overweight and 13% were obese over the past 3 decades, and these problems can cause diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and several cancers. While body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a health risk phenotype, it has several limitations because BMI does not accurately depict different components of body composition and is therefore unable to predict the prognostic effect of individual tissues. Other anthropometric measurements, such as waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist to height ratio (WHtR) each have their advantages and disadvantages. As such, in Chapter 1, different novel anthropometric parameters and cardiovascular risk factors among obesity adults are compared and evaluated. Chapter 2 describes a study of children aged 0-12 years conducted in the Middle Senegal River Valley (MISOES) in 1957-1958. This study was based on representative samples of children in urban and rural areas and included measurements of weight, height, arm circumference, and more. These measurements were compared with American standards and showed an overwhelming anthropometric deficit compared with standards. This study is examined in the context of other studies conducted in the region as well as in connection with economic development in the valley. Chapter 3 describes the various methods of assessing body fat and their application for obese individuals to predict the risk of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), and Chapter 4 reviews the effect of different modalities of physical exercise on anthropometric measurements and body composition in different populations of older adults.

DKK 757.00
1

Flight Control of Unmanned Rotorcrafts for Enhanced Situational Awareness - Igor Astrov - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Flight Control of Unmanned Rotorcrafts for Enhanced Situational Awareness - Igor Astrov - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The need for highly reliable and stable manoeuvres for unmanned rotorcrafts (URs) class of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) has increased morbidly for critical situations in real-time search-and-rescue operations for fast situational awareness (SA). A rotorcraft is a heavier-than-air flying machine that obtains its lift from rotors. SA is simply being aware of what is going on around you. This book provides basic approaches for the modelling and simulation of control systems on the basis of equations of motion for various types of models of rotorcrafts (miniature helicopter, intermediate helicopter, coaxial rotor/ducted fan mini-UAV, trirotor mini-UAV, vectored thrust mini-UAV, quadrotor mini-UAV, X4-flyer mini-UAV, eight-rotor mini-UAV) with emphasis on the modeling and simulation of realistic dynamics for fast SA. The effectiveness of the proposed research technique has been verified in field of flight simulation tests for chosen control models of the URs using software package Simulink. From the simulation results it can be seen that the UR models demonstrated an advantage in achieving good maneuverability in controlled flight during missions and good performance for fast stabilisation of engines during manoeuvres, consequently, fast SA with economy in energy of batteries can be asserted during missions, and the duration of missions can be longer. The principal audiences for this book are faculty members, practitioners, researchers, and graduate and postgraduate students.

DKK 890.00
1

High Unemployment - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

High Unemployment - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The rate of unemployment in the United States has exceeded 8 percent since February 2009, making the past three years the longest stretch of high unemployment in this country since the Great Depression. Such persistently high unemployment has wide-ranging repercussions. It places financial, psychological, and even physical strains on people who are unable to find work and on their families as well; it places budgetary pressures on the federal government and on state and local governments, as tax revenues decline and expenditures increase; and it results in a long-term erosion of skills that will reduce the nation''s productivity and people''s income in the future. This book examines a broad array of policy approaches designed to reduce unemployment. Some of those policies would aim to boost the economy and demand for goods and services, reflecting the fact that the increase in unemployment in particular in general and long-term unemployment in particular is primarily attributable to weak demand for labour, which in turn, is the result of weak aggregate demand.

DKK 890.00
1

Competitive Trends and Technologies in Business Management - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Competitive Trends and Technologies in Business Management - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book explains the global business management domain in the current scenario and it covers the latest concepts in business and technologies applied for their successful implementation. The growth of global corporations has led to the development of new business strategies by the applications of new technologies. The critical success factors of business management depend on the successful applications of information systems and information technologies. To achieve competitive advantages, business management is applying strategies from technological perspectives for various concepts such as customer relationship management, cost management, marketing management, etc. COMPETITIVE TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT describes the applications and concept of IS in business management and presents the success stories of business. The book assesses competitive business management from an IS and IT perspective, examining business development policies linked to the profitability of global firms. The book covers comprehensive topics such as use of green technology in business processes, machine learning in business education, and artificial intelligence in the business sector. This book will drive readers to actively think through the most fundamental business concepts developed by IS and IT in the current competitive landscape and provides answers to questions such as: what are the new drivers of Business Management? and how do businesses apply IS and IT? The current Covid pandemic has caused serious financial loss to developing countries, and this book will help to explore new options of expanding markets for businesses by the applications of IS and IT.

DKK 890.00
1

Quality of Parallel & Distributed Programs & Systems - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Quality of Parallel & Distributed Programs & Systems - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The field of parallel computing dates back to the mid-fifties, where research labs started the development of so-called supercomputers with the aim to significantly increase the performance, mainly the number of (floating point) operations a machine is able to perform per unit of time. Since then, significant advances in hardware and software technology have brought the field to a point where the long-time challenge of tera-flop computing was reached in 1998. While increases in performance are still a driving factor in parallel and distributed processing, there are many other challenges to be addressed in the field. Enabled by growth of the Internet, the majority of desktop computers nowadays can be seen as part of a huge distributed system, the World Wide Web. Advances in wireless networks extend the scope to a variety of mobile devices (including notebooks, PDAs, or mobile phones). Information is therefore distributed by nature, users require immediate access to information sources, to computing power, and to communication facilities. While performance in the sense defined above is still an important criterion in such kind of systems, other issues, including correctness, reliability, security, ease of use, ubiquitous access, intelligent services, etc. must be considered already in the development process itself. This extended notion of performance covering all those aspects is called "quality of parallel and distributed programs and systems". In order to examine and guarantee quality of parallel and distributed programs and systems special models, metrics and tools are necessary. The six papers selected for this volume tackle various aspects of these problems.

DKK 601.00
1

Russia Upside Down - Frank H Columbus - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Russia Upside Down - Frank H Columbus - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

If the people killed or starved to death by the Soviets were laid out end to end they would stretch half way to the moon. This compelling novel of life in the Soviet Union tells an up-front and personal story of a family who lived through the birth, life and death of perhaps the worst monster state ever to exist on Earth. We shudder through the social upheavals of the 1920''s, the terror of the 30s and the horror of WWII. We catch the mood of enthusiasm at first for Khrushchev and the bitter disappointment that came soon after as his economic policies failed. We discover that the smiling Khrushchev turned out to be one of the worst persecutors of the Church in history. Then we take an emotional roller coaster ride through the years of Brezhnev, Andropov and the other old men. At last we meet Mikhail Gorbachev whose new thinking rapidly becomes old thinking? At last the Soviet Union dies -- or does it? The Kuladze family story is also a remarkable and tender love story in a world where life and death could hinge on intonation, nuance or thinking unapproved thoughts. It is a world in which Christening a baby must be done in total secrecy, yet millions do it anyway. The reader will never be the same after reading this absorbing and thoughtful book.

DKK 405.00
1

Long-Term Care in Florida - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Long-Term Care in Florida - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Florida has the largest proportion of elderly in the nation- 2.8 million persons are over age 65, representing 17.6% of its total population. The dramatic rise in the number of persons age 65 and over in Florida over the next 20 years-estimated to total 26.3% of total population-will further stretch the already limited resources of the state. Aware of the pressing demand for long-term care services well into the 21 * century, policymakers in Florida have begun seriously to review options for improving financing and delivery of long-term care for the frail elderly and persons with disabilities. Federal and state Medicaid spending in Florida was $2.6 billion in FY2001, and 30.5% of Medicaid spending was for long-term care. In FY2001, 75.3% of total Medicaid spending was for institutional care. Slightly less than 25% of Medicaid spending was channeled towards home and community-based services. Although institutional care dominated Medicaid spending, there has been slow but steady expansion of home and community-based services funding, both through the use of Medicaid''s waiver programs as well as significant support through state sources. Among the major issues facing long-term care in Florida are: the fragmentation of long-term care services among state and local agencies, an imbalance in financing that favors institutional care rather than home and community based care, shortage of health care workers and well-trained staff throughout the long-term care , and disparities in availability of services across the state.

DKK 386.00
1