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Human Motor Development in Individuals with & without Disabilities - Jin H Yan - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Human Motor Development in Individuals with & without Disabilities - Jin H Yan - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

By five months of life, babies can raise their heads when in a supine position on the floor. This common and expected progression in controlling the head is just one example of early human motor development. Human motor performance is one of the fundamental aspects of the sensory-motor system. Many questions appeal to researchers in the field of movement science and other areas such as neuroscience, psychology, physiology, education, paediatrics, and geriatrics. For example, how do humans learn and control movements? This book follows the improvement of motor skills in childhood as a function of enriched experiences or maturation, as well as illustrating how developmental studies on motor performance increase our understanding of perceptual-motor skills.

DKK 633.00
1

Filibusters, Cloture & Holds in the Senate - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Filibusters, Cloture & Holds in the Senate - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Filibustering includes any use of dilatory or obstructive tactics to block a measure by preventing it from coming to a vote. The possibility of filibusters exists because Senate rules place few limits on Senator''s rights and opportunities in the legislative process. Senate Rule XXII, however, known as the "cloture rule," enables Senators to end a filibuster on any debatable matter the Senate is considering. Sixteen Senators initiate this process by presenting a motion to end the debate. Consequently, "holds" are an informal device unique to the upper body. They permit a single Senator or any number of Senators to stop, temporarily or permanently, floor consideration of measures or matters that are available to be scheduled by the Senate. This book discusses major aspects of Senate procedure related to filibusters, cloture and holds.

DKK 633.00
1

Dispersants & Well Containment - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Dispersants & Well Containment - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

When an oil spill occurs in coastal waters of the United States, responders have several options for managing the environmental impacts of the spill, including the use of chemical dispersants and well containment. Dispersants do not reduce the total amount of oil entering the environment; rather, they help break down oil into small droplets that can more easily mix into the water below the surface, increasing biodegradation rates and potentially decreasing the impact of spilled oil on the shoreline. However, because chemical dispersants promote the movement of oil below the surface, their use exposes the underwater environment and the ocean floor to more of the spilled oil, where it may also have harmful effects. This book examines and assesses new spill response capabiities and technologies, with a focus on dispersants and well containment.

DKK 890.00
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Lockouts & Work Stoppages in Professional Sports - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Lockouts & Work Stoppages in Professional Sports - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Work stoppages involving professional sports, whether caused by the players going on strike or the owners imposing a lockout, are by their very nature contentious and not always resolved quickly or easily. Major League Baseball has experienced the greatest number of work stoppages (eight), followed by the NFL (five), NHL (four), and NBA (two). While both NBA work stoppages were lockouts, the other three leagues have experienced a combination of strikes and lockouts. Major League Baseball has had five strikes and three lockouts, and the NHL one strike and three lockouts. This book provides an examination of the circumstances of each strike followed by a table that identifies relevant legislative measures, and an overview of Congressional comments and report language regarding the strike, which were drawn from hearings and reports, and remarks made on the House or Senate floor. This information shows the extent of actual, or intended, congressional involvement and how some members viewed congressional involvement in the strike, and a discussion of antitrust exemptions applicable to professional sports is also included.

DKK 722.00
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Tax Deductions - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Tax Deductions - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The President and leading Members of Congress have indicated that income tax reform is a major policy objective. Some itemised deductions are visible candidates for "broadening the base" of the individual income tax and cutting back on tax expenditures and primarily consist of deductions for mortgage interest, state, and local taxes, and charitable contributions. The benefits of itemised deductions are concentrated among higher-income individuals, and that is particularly the case for state and local income tax deductions and charitable deductions. Proposals for addressing these provisions fall into two general classes. One approach could include repealing or restricting all itemised deductions. A different approach would consider each type of deduction and tailor a reform to the particular objectives and merits of the deductions, such as a lower ceiling on home mortgage interest deduction and a floor for charitable contributions. This book analyses various proposals to restrict itemised deductions, both across-the-board and individually tailored, using standard economic criteria of economic efficiency, distribution, simplicity, and estimated revenue effects.

DKK 722.00
1

Winning Without the Spin - Bryant Wieneke - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Winning Without the Spin - Bryant Wieneke - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This is the story of how Walter Capps made it to Congress. A long-time religious studies professor with no political experience, Capps shocked the 22nd district of California and the nation in 1996 by unseating a Contract-With-America Republican and becoming the first Democratic Representative from that District in 50 years. In a hard-fought and high-profile campaign, Capps maintained his principles -- as well as his sense of humour -- while waging a personal battle against the compromises every politician is tempted to make. Winning Without the Spin is also the story of the campaign itself, seen through the eyes of the author, a political novice whose sense of the absurd increased with every hour on the campaign trail. Throughout the history of American politics, few, if any, books have chronicles the day-to-day aspects of the campaign office in such detail, with anecdotes describing everything from personal power plays by staff to the day Wally Baer fixed the toilet. On the campaign trail, the ridiculous melded with the sublime on a daily basis. Above all this book is a tribute to the memory of Walter Capps, who brought his unique brand of politics to the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives for only 10 months before this sudden death of a heart attack at Dulles Airport in October 1997.

DKK 405.00
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Anesthesia for Non-Anesthesiologists - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Anesthesia for Non-Anesthesiologists - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Anesthesiology is one of the least understood medical specialties. The drugs and equipment are specialized to a point where physicians in other fields have little knowledge of how they work. Moreover, the specific techniques and concerns of anesthesiologists regarding patient care are scarcely known outside of the specialty. Most physicians have had a paltry amount of training in anesthesia, if any at all. Within many medical schools, there is no requirement to rotate in anesthesiology; if required, the rotation is seen sometimes as a means to practice intubations and place IVs for a period of two to four weeks, instead of actually learning anesthesia techniques and practices. As their role in patient care has stretched outside of the operating room, anesthesiologists have found that there is often frustration and even conflict in dealing with other specialties that do not understand the concerns and necessities that accompany this practice. Why is NPO important? Why does the patient need to see a cardiologist pre-operatively? Why would the patient benefit from using Drug A vs Drug B? These questions come up not only in the operating room, but on the obstetrical floor, in the endoscopy suite, in the critical care units and elsewhere. It is the authors hope that this book, Anesthesia for Non-Anesthesiologists, will help to decrease such problems. With chapters written by a variety of anesthesiologists and subspecialty clinicians at a major teaching hospital, and edited by experienced academic physicians, the target audience for this work includes physicians, medical residents, and students who wish to understand how anesthesiologists think and why they think as they do.

DKK 1034.00
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FDA Regulation of Tobacco Products - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

FDA Regulation of Tobacco Products - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Last year, lawmakers reintroduced bipartisan, bicameral legislation (H.R. 1108, S. 625) to give the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) broad new authority to regulate the manufacture, distribution, advertising, promotion, sale, and use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products. Amended versions of both bills have been reported out of committee and await floor action in their respective chambers. The Secretary of Health and Human Services has stated in a July 21, 2008, letter that the Bush Administration "would strongly oppose this legislation." The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act was first introduced in the 108th Congress, the product of lengthy negotiations in which lawmakers sought to balance the competing interests of public health groups and Philip Morris, the nation''s leading cigarette company. While these organisations support the legislation, the FDA Commissioner, other tobacco manufacturers, and tobacco industry and convenience store associations have expressed concerns about the bills, which would create a new Chapter IX in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) solely for the regulation of tobacco products. Among their many provisions, the measures would authorise FDA to: restrict tobacco advertising and promotions, especially to children; develop standards that require changes in tobacco product composition and design, such as the reduction or elimination of toxic chemicals; and require manufacturers to obtain agency approval in order to make reduced-risk and reduced-exposure claims for their products. In the mid-1990s, FDA claimed authority under the FFDCA to regulate cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products as delivery devices for nicotine, an addictive drug. The agency''s 1996 tobacco regulation was invalidated by the U.S. Supreme Court in March 2000. The Court concluded that Congress had clearly intended to preclude FDA from regulating tobacco products. It found that because the FFDCA prohibits the marketing of products that have not been found to be safe and effective, the statute would have required FDA to ban such manifestly harmful products as cigarettes and smokeless tobacco if the agency had jurisdiction over them. Such a ban, argued the Court, would plainly contradict congressional intent. The Supreme Court''s decision made it clear the Congress would have to enact legislation giving FDA statutory authority over tobacco products in order for the agency to assert jurisdiction. Lawmakers first drafted such language in the 105th Congress as part of legislation to implement the 1997 proposed national tobacco settlement.

DKK 608.00
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Congressional Procedures - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Congressional Procedures - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The Senate''s procedures are determined not only by its standing rules, but also by its standing orders, published precedents, committee rules, and informal practices. Constitutional mandates and rule-making statutes also impose procedural requirements on the Senate, and rules of Senate party conferences can sometimes affect committee and floor action. Parliamentary reference sources set forth the text of these authorities or provide information about how and when they govern different parliamentary situations. This book discusses the coverage, format, and availability of three types of Senate parliamentary reference sources: official sources such as the Senate Manual and Riddick''s Senate Procedure; publications of committees and offices of the Senate; and rules of party conferences. The book also reviews some key principles of Senate parliamentary procedure that bear on appropriate use of these sources. Summaries and appendices provide citations to print and electronic versions, and list related Congressional Research Service (CRS) products. The Senate sets forth its chief procedural authorities in the Senate Manual, a new edition of which appears periodically as a Senate Document and is distributed to Senators'' and committee offices. Among these authorities, the Senate also publishes its Standing Rules as a separate document, and the Constitution is available in an annotated edition prepared by CRS. The Manual also contains more specialised authorities, such as permanent standing orders, rules for impeachment trials, and a manual of procedures related to House-Senate conferences. Other Senate procedural authorities include Riddick''s Senate Procedure, last published in 1992 but with online updates, which offers a topically ordered digest of precedents interpreting Senate procedures and standard forms for procedural action. The Senate also often regulates itself through orders entered by unanimous consent, either as standing orders or for the consideration of individual measures; these can often most readily be found in the Congressional Record. Some statutes contain "rule-making" provisions that act as procedural authorities, though no Senate source compiles all of them. Each committee adopts its own written rules, which are published in the Record and compiled, in each Congress, in Authority and Rules of Senate Committees, a print of the Committee on Rules and Administration. Other Senate committee prints, which provide supporting information on elements of Senate procedure, include Budget Process Law Annotated, the Senate Cloture Rule, and Treaties and Other International Agreements. The parliamentarians in both chambers have prepared concise summary documents on procedure in the legislative process. In the Senate, currently only the Republican Conference appears to have adopted written rules.

DKK 608.00
1

Modeling of the Soil-Structure Interaction - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Modeling of the Soil-Structure Interaction - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This edited book provides discussion and presents results related to some "hot topics," all dealing with the soil-structure interaction. The book can be of interest to both scientists involved in academic studies of the problems addressed and for practitioners engaged in high-level design. Chapter I reports the investigation of non-stationary wave propagation in continuously inhomogeneous cylindrical elements (such as pipelines). New results obtained by numerical analysis of non-stationary wave propagation are presented. The cases studied comprise simulations of the propagations of both one-dimensional and two-dimensional non-stationary waves. Waves of the first type are supposed to propagate in continuously inhomogeneous, linearly viscoelastic cylinders, whereas waves of the second type propagate in continuously inhomogeneous elastic cylinders. The authors of this chapter apply an original research method consisting of the implementation of solutions to dynamic problems in the study of elastic and linearly viscoelastic piecewise homogeneous bodies. Chapter II outlines an analytical study of the propagation of different types of waves (plane, cylindrical, spherical) as well as of the waves' interaction with an element of Vibro-isolation (specifically, a three-layer plate). The author also presents the numerical results of the study of the distribution of the vibration accelerations in soil. Chapter III presents details on the analytical modeling of a bearing device for passive seismic isolation (friction-pendulum system). The behavior of the slider is identical to a motion of a particle constrained to slide on a spherical surface. The analytical model includes equations of motion, derived using the Lagrange formalism and constitutive equations of the sliding interface. The author presents the results of the numerical simulation of the response of the bearing device to a seismic event, assuming a constant value of the friction coefficient. Chapter IV proposes a discussion on the assessment of the load-carrying capacity of a metal-resin anchor and the determination of dependencies between parameters of supporting systems that include anchors. The solution to the problems addressed in this study involves an accurate analysis of the load transfer mechanisms between different system components. The proposed strategy requires the implementation of an algorithm aimed at the reconstruction of the analytical form of a function, provided its tabular form is available. The authors also formulate a theorem that postulates the existence of such representation applicable in a more general context. The research object in Chapter V is the formulation of the boundary value problems for circular and annular three-layer plates subjected to axisymmetric loading. The considered plates consist of three layers: two thin bearing layers and one filler layer, with a perfect bond, assumed for all interfaces. The definition of the stress-strain state in the plates presumes that the Kirchhoff's hypotheses regarding the bearing layers and the Timoshenko's hypothesis (i.e., linear distribution of the tangential displacements over the thickness) concerning the filler layer hold. The performed analyses take into account the characteristics of the elastic (Winkler) foundation. The authors provide the obtained analytical solutions to the formulated boundary value problems. Results obtained by numerical analysis of the stress and the strain distributions for plates supported by hinges on the contour are also presented.

DKK 718.00
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Gasoline Prices - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Gasoline Prices - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

As major energy legislation moved to conference, the high price of gasoline remained a major consideration. The legislative proposals of past Congresses have contained numerous provisions that would affect gasoline supply and demand. This is true also of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, H.R. 6, both the version passed by the House April 21, and the Senate bill, passed June 28. A large number of factors combined to put pressure on gasoline prices, including increased world demand for crude oil and US refinery capacity inadequate to supply gasoline to a recovering national economy. The war and continued violence in Iraq added uncertainty and a threat of supply disruption that added pressure particularly to the commodity futures markets. Numerous provisions in legislative proposals in the 108th Congress addressed perceived problems in the oil and gasoline markets. A comprehensive energy policy bill was reported out of conference and approved by the House, but several issues kept the bill from passing the Senate. Among the most controversial were provisions regarding the use of ethanol and the additive methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in motor fuel, proposals to open up part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) to oil and gas development, measures concerning corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards, and proposals to aid construction of new refineries and to harmonise state "boutique fuels" standards. In the 109th Congress, the House passed a comprehensive bill, H.R. 6, with many of the same provisions of the bill considered in the previous Congress. As before, MTBE and ANWR, included in the House-passed bill, remain controversial. The House bill added another controversial provision, giving the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) overriding authority over state entities in licensing terminals to receive and process liquefied natural gas. In the Senate version of H.R. 6, the MTBE safe harbour provision has been omitted. The Senate bill contains a provision, not in the House-passed version, directing the President to take measures to reduce total demand for petroleum by one million barrels per day (mbd) by 2015. An amendment by Senator Cantwell, which would have set the goal of reducing petroleum imports by 40% by 2025, was defeated on the floor by a vote of 47-53. The gasoline price surge heightened discussion of energy policy, but the urgency of previous energy crises has been lacking. In part this may be due to the fact that there has been no physical shortage of gasoline, and no lines at the pump. In addition, the expectation of former crises, that prices were destined to grow ever higher, has not been prevalent. However, the persistence of high gasoline and oil prices into a second summer has raised alarms over the economic consequences of the situation.

DKK 786.00
1

Role of Home State Senators in the Selection of Lower Federal Court Judges - Denis Steven Rutkus - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Role of Home State Senators in the Selection of Lower Federal Court Judges - Denis Steven Rutkus - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Supported by the custom of "senatorial courtesy," Senators of the President''s party have long played, as a general rule, the primary role in selecting candidates for the President to nominate to federal district court judgeships in their states. They also have played an influential, if not primary, role in recommending candidates for federal circuit court judgeships associated with their states. For Senators who are not of the President''s party, a consultative role, with the opportunity to convey to the President their views about candidates under consideration for judgeships in their states, also has been a long-standing practice -- and one supported by the "blue slip" procedure of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Senators, in general, exert less influence over the selection of circuit court nominees. Whereas home state Senators of the President''s party often dictate whom the President nominates to district judgeships, their recommendations for circuit nominees, by contrast, typically compete with names suggested to the Administration by other sources or generated by the Administration on its own. Whether and how a state''s two Senators share in the judicial selection role will depend, to a great extent, on their respective prerogatives and interests. Senators have great discretion as to the procedures they will use to identify and evaluate judicial candidates, ranging from informally conducting candidate searches on their own to relying on nominating commissions to evaluate candidates. Contact between a Senator''s office and the Administration can be expected to clarify the nature of the Senator''s recommending role, including the degree to which the Administration, in its judicial candidate search, will rely on the Senator''s recommendations. If a President selects a district or circuit court nominee against the advice of, or without consulting, a home state Senator, the latter must decide whether to oppose the nomination (either first in the Senate Judiciary Committee or later on the Senate floor). From the Senator''s standpoint, opposition to the nomination might serve a number of purposes, including helping to prevent confirmation or influencing the Administration to take consultation more seriously in the future. On the other hand, various considerations might influence the Senator not to oppose the nomination, including the desirability of filling the vacant judgeship as promptly as possible and, if more home state vacancies are possible in the future, whether these might provide the Senator a better opportunity for exerting influence over judicial appointments. In recent years, the role of home state Senators in recommending judicial candidates has given rise to various issues, including the following: What constitutes "good faith" or "serious" consultation by the Administration? Should home state Senators always have the opportunity to provide their opinion of a judicial candidate before he or she is nominated? How differently should the Administration treat the input of Senators, depending on their party affiliation? What prerogatives should home state Senators have in the selection of circuit court nominees? Should the policy of the Judiciary Committee allow a home state Senator to block committee consideration of a judicial nominee?

DKK 514.00
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Political Status of Puerto Rico - James O Erhard - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Political Status of Puerto Rico - James O Erhard - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has a unique history as a part of the United States. United States suzerainty over Puerto Rico originated with the acquisition of the islands in 1898 after the conclusion of the Spanish-American War. For decades, the federal government administered government operations in Puerto Rico through military liaisons or civilian officials appointed by the President. Legislation enacted by Congress in 1950 (P.L. 81-600) and in 1952 (P.L. 82-447) granted Puerto Rico authority to establish a republican form of local government through a constitution approved by the citizens of Puerto Rico and the Congress in 1952. Puerto Rico remains subject to congressional jurisdiction under the Territorial Clause of the US Constitution. Under this authority, Congress has passed legislation that governs elements of Puerto Rico''s relationship to the United States. For example, residents of Puerto Rico hold U.S. citizenship, serve in the military, are represented in the House of Representatives by a Resident Commissioner elected to a four-year term who does not have privileges to vote on the floor of the House, are subject to federal laws and are beneficiaries of federal aid as approved by Congress, do not vote in national elections, and pay no federal income tax. While these and other aspects of the relationship of Puerto Rico to the United States are matters of record, other elements of the relationship have been and continue to be subject to debate by some officials and analysts. Some contend that the Commonwealth has a special status outside the Territorial Clause that derives from 1950 legislation ''in the nature of a compact'' agreed to by the people of Puerto Rico and Congress, as well as from declarations made to the United Nations in the 1950s. Also, certain federal court rulings and statements by past presidents buttress claims to special status. Such advocates contend that the current political status of the Commonwealth, perhaps with enhancements, remains a viable option for the future. Others argue that the commonwealth status is (or should be) only a temporary fix to a problem to be resolved in favour of other permanent non-colonial and non-territorial solutions -- either statehood or independence as a foreign nation, the latter possibly negotiated with formal ties in certain policy areas. For many years, some Members of Congress, elected representatives of Puerto Rico, federal administration officials, and interested members of the public have discussed options for reconsidering the political status of Puerto Rico. Legislation recently passed by the Puerto Rican legislature may be one factor that initiates renewed congressional attention on the political status issue. A White House task force is expected to release a report in 2005 that may serve as another catalyst for change. This book provides background information on the political status of the commonwealth and congressional actions taken over the past two decades.

DKK 588.00
1