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Assessing the Feasibility of the Strategic Long Range Cannon - Committee On Assessing The Feasibility Of The Strategic Long Range Cannon - Bog -

Necessary DoD Range Capabilities to Ensure Operational Superiority of U.S. Defense Systems - Board On Army Research And Development - Bog - National

Necessary DoD Range Capabilities to Ensure Operational Superiority of U.S. Defense Systems - Board On Army Research And Development - Bog - National

Rigorous operational testing (OT) of weapon systems procured by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is fundamental to ensuring that these sophisticated systems not only meet their stated requirements, but also perform under realistic operational conditions when faced by determined adversaries employing their own highly capable offensive and defensive weaponry. DoD's test and training range enterprise provides the geography, infrastructure, technology, expertise, processes, and management that make safe, secure, and comprehensive OT possible. The challenges facing the nation's range infrastructure are both increasing and accelerating. Limited test capacity in physical resources and workforce, the age of test infrastructure, the capability to test advanced technologies, and encroachment impact the ability to inform system performance, integrated system performance and the overall pace of testing. Necessary DoD Range Capabilities to Ensure Operational Superiority of U.S. Defense Systems assesses the physical and technical suitability of DoD test and evaluation ranges, infrastructure, and tools for determining the operational effectiveness, suitability, survivability, and lethality of military systems. This report explores modernization, sustainment, operations, and resource challenges for test and evaluation ranges, and makes recommendations to put the DoD range enterprise on a modernization trajectory to meet the needs of OT in the years ahead. Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive Summary1 Introduction2 An Envisioned Future of Operational Test and Evaluation3 Testing for Future Combat: Multi-Domain Operations, Connected Concurrent Kill Chains, and Mitigating Encroachment4 Digital Infrastructure Needs for Operational Testing5 Speed-to-Field: Restructuring the Requirements and Resources Processes for DoD Test Ranges6 Conclusion and Summary of Recommendations by ActorAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of Task and Completion MatrixAppendix B: Site Visit SummariesAppendix C: Committee Member BiographiesAppendix D: Disclosure of Unavoidable Conflicts of InterestAppendix E: Abbreviations and Acronyms

DKK 240.00
1

Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure - Committee On Potential Health Risks From Recurrent Lead Exposure

Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure - Committee On Potential Health Risks From Recurrent Lead Exposure

Lead is a ubiquitous metal in the environment, and its adverse effects on human health are well documented. Lead interacts at multiple cellular sites and can alter protein function in part through binding to amino acid sulfhydryl and carboxyl groups on a wide variety of structural and functional proteins. In addition, lead mimics calcium and other divalent cations, and it induces the increased production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. Adverse effects associated with lead exposure can be observed in multiple body systems, including the nervous, cardiovascular, renal, hematologic, immunologic, and reproductive systems. Lead exposure is also known to induce adverse developmental effects in utero and in the developing neonate. Lead poses an occupational health hazard, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) developed a lead standard for general industry that regulates many workplace exposures to this metal. The standard was promulgated in 1978 and encompasses several approaches for reducing exposure to lead, including the establishment of a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 50 µg/m3 in air (an 8-hour time-weighted average [TWA]), exposure guidelines for instituting medical surveillance, guidelines for removal from and return to work, and other risk-management strategies. An action level of 30 µg/m3 (an 8-hour TWA) for lead was established to trigger medical surveillance in employees exposed above that level for more than 30 days per year. Another provision is that any employee who has a blood lead level (BLL) of 60 µg/dL or higher or three consecutive BLLs averaging 50 µg/dL or higher must be removed from work involving lead exposure. An employee may resume work associated with lead exposure only after two BLLs are lower than 40 µg/dL. Thus, maintaining BLLs lower than 40 µg/dL was judged by OSHA to protect workers from adverse health effects. The OSHA standard also includes a recommendation that BLLs of workers who are planning a pregnancy be under 30µg/dL. In light of knowledge about the hazards posed by occupational lead exposure, the Department of Defense (DOD) asked the National Research Council to evaluate potential health risks from recurrent lead exposure of firing-range personnel. Specifically, DOD asked the National Research Council to determine whether current exposure standards for lead on DOD firing ranges protect its workers adequately.The committee also considered measures of cumulative lead dose. Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure will help to inform decisions about setting new air exposure limits for lead on firing ranges, about whether to implement limits for surface contamination, and about how to design lead-surveillance programs for range personnel appropriately. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Occupational Standards and Guidelines for Lead3 Toxicokinetics of Lead4 Noncancer Health Effects5 Cancer Effects6 ConclusionsAppendix: Biographic Information on the Committee on Potential Health Risks from Recurrent Lead Exposure of DoD Firing Range Personnel

DKK 305.00
1

Learning Science in Informal Environments - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Learning Science in Informal Environments - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Informal science is a burgeoning field that operates across a broad range of venues and envisages learning outcomes for individuals, schools, families, and society. The evidence base that describes informal science, its promise, and effects is informed by a range of disciplines and perspectives, including field-based research, visitor studies, and psychological and anthropological studies of learning. Learning Science in Informal Environments draws together disparate literatures, synthesizes the state of knowledge, and articulates a common framework for the next generation of research on learning science in informal environments across a life span. Contributors include recognized experts in a range of disciplines—research and evaluation, exhibit designers, program developers, and educators. They also have experience in a range of settings—museums, after-school programs, science and technology centers, media enterprises, aquariums, zoos, state parks, and botanical gardens. Learning Science in Informal Environments is an invaluable guide for program and exhibit designers, evaluators, staff of science-rich informal learning institutions and community-based organizations, scientists interested in educational outreach, federal science agency education staff, and K-12 science educators. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummaryPart I: Learning Science in Informal Environments1 Introduction2 Theoretical Perspectives3 AssessmentPart II: Venues and Configurations4 Everyday Settings and Family Activities5 Science Learning in Designed Settings6 Programs for Young and OldPart III: Cross-Cutting Features7 Diversity and Equity8 MediaPart IV: Conclusions, Recommendations, and Future Directions9 Conclusions and RecommendationsAppendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and StaffAppendix B: Some Technical Considerations in AssessmentIndex

DKK 318.00
1

Spatial Statistics and Digital Image Analysis - Panel On Spatial Statistics And Image Processing - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Adaptive Management for Water Resources Project Planning - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk