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Framing the Dialogue on Race and Ethnicity to Advance Health Equity - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence to Advance Earth System Science - Computer Science And Telecommunications Board - Bog - National

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence to Advance Earth System Science - Computer Science And Telecommunications Board - Bog - National

The Earth system - the atmospheric, hydrologic, geologic, and biologic cycles that circulate energy, water, nutrients, and other trace substances - is a large, complex, multiscale system in space and time that involves human and natural system interactions. Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) offer opportunities to understand and predict this system. Researchers are actively exploring ways to use ML/AI approaches to advance scientific discovery, speed computation, and link scientific communities. To address the challenges and opportunities around using ML/AI to advance Earth system science, the National Academies convened a workshop in February 2022 that brought together Earth system experts, ML/AI researchers, social and behavioral scientists, ethicists, and decision makers to discuss approaches to improving understanding, analysis, modeling, and prediction. Participants also explored educational pathways, responsible and ethical use of these technologies, and opportunities to foster partnerships and knowledge exchange. This publication summarizes the workshop discussions and themes that emerged throughout the meeting. Table of ContentsFront MatterOverviewIntroductionEmerging Approaches for Using, Interpreting, and Integrating ML/AI for Earth System ScienceChallenges and Risks of Using ML/AI for Earth System ScienceIdentifying Future Opportunities to Accelerate ProgressClosing ThoughtsReferencesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Planning Committee BiographiesAppendix C: Workshop Agenda

DKK 195.00
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The Challenges and Opportunities of Advance Care Planning - Roundtable On Quality Care For People With Serious Illness - Bog - National Academies

Communicating to Advance the Public's Health - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Technology Developments to Advance Antarctic Research - Polar Research Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Technology Developments to Advance Antarctic Research - Polar Research Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are important research locations for many scientific disciplines, including oceanography, biology, and astronomy. Because of its remoteness and the extreme and dangerous weather conditions in which researchers must operate, research in this region presents many unique challenges. New and improved technologies can make Antarctic research safer, more efficient, and capable of covering a greater spatial and temporal range, all while minimizing the costs and environmental impacts of this research. At the request of the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs, the Polar Research Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on May 3-5, 2022, to solicit broad community ideas regarding how technological developments can advance and expand Antarctic research and polar research more generally. Workshop participants discussed recent and potential technological breakthroughs, cross-cutting research themes, and how new technologies can facilitate broader, more diverse participation in Antarctic research. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Overview2 Introduction3 Technologies for Research and Observational Instrumentation4 Power and Energy for Polar Research5 Data and Communications for Polar Research6 Technology Advances to Expand Participation in Polar Research7 Partnerships and Mechanisms to Facilitate Development and Application of New Research Technologies8 Concluding ThoughtsReferencesAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Planning Committee BiographiesAppendix C: Workshop Agenda

DKK 195.00
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Civic Engagement and Civic Infrastructure to Advance Health Equity - Board On Population Health And Public Health Practice - Bog - National Academies

Federal Policy to Advance Racial, Ethnic, and Tribal Health Equity - Board On Population Health And Public Health Practice - Bog - National Academies

Vaccine Research and Development to Advance Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza Preparedness and Response - National Academy Of Medicine - Bog - National

Vaccine Research and Development to Advance Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza Preparedness and Response - National Academy Of Medicine - Bog - National

The global response to COVID-19 has demonstrated the importance of vigilance and preparedness for infectious diseases, particularly influenza. There is a need for more effective influenza vaccines and modern manufacturing technologies that are adaptable and scalable to meet demand during a pandemic. The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines has demonstrated what is possible with extensive data sharing, researchers who have the necessary resources and novel technologies to conduct and apply their research, rolling review by regulators, and public-private partnerships. As demonstrated throughout the response to COVID-19, the process of research and development of novel vaccines can be significantly optimized when stakeholders are provided with the resources and technologies needed to support their response. Vaccine Research and Development to Advance Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza Preparedness and Response focuses on how to leverage the knowledge gained from the COVID-19 pandemic to optimize vaccine research and development (R&D) to support the prevention and control of seasonal and pandemic influenza. The committee's findings address four dimensions of vaccine R&D: (1) basic and translational science, (2) clinical science, (3) manufacturing science, and (4) regulatory science. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Basic and Translational Science3 Clinical Science4 Manufacturing Science5 Regulatory Science6 A Blueprint for ActionAppendix A: Committee BiographiesAppendix B: Disclosure of Unavoidable Conflict of InterestAppendix C: Staff and Consultant BiographiesAppendix D: Public Meeting Agendas

DKK 318.00
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Engaging the Private Sector and Developing Partnerships to Advance Health and the Sustainable Development Goals - Health And Medicine Division - Bog -

Engaging the Private Sector and Developing Partnerships to Advance Health and the Sustainable Development Goals - Health And Medicine Division - Bog -

In September 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted at the United Nations Development Summit to serve as a 15-year plan of action for all countries and people. The SDGs include 17 specific goals, and 169 associated targets that set out quantitative objectives across the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development, all to be achieved by 2030. Health has been recognized as crucial for sustainable human development and an essential contributor to the economic growth of society. Beyond the goal to "ensure healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages," many of the other SDGs include targets that are essential to address the environmental and social determinants of health. Considering this context, the Forum on Public–Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety convened a workshop series to examine potential opportunities to engage the private sector and develop partnerships to advance health and the SDGs. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop series. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Health and Private-Sector Engagement in the Sustainable Development Goals3 Public-Sector Strategies and Plans for Sustainable Development4 Potential Strategies and Approaches for Private-Sector Engagement in the Sustainable Development Goals5 The Enabling Environment for Effective Partnerships in Global Health and the Sustainable Development Goals6 Several Lessons from Developing and Implementing Health-Focused PartnershipsAppendix A: Public–Private Partnerships for the Sustainable Development GoalsAppendix B: Part I Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Part II Workshop AgendaAppendix D: Speaker Biographical Sketches

DKK 370.00
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Science Breakthroughs to Advance Food and Agricultural Research by 2030 - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Science Breakthroughs to Advance Food and Agricultural Research by 2030 - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

For nearly a century, scientific advances have fueled progress in U.S. agriculture to enable American producers to deliver safe and abundant food domestically and provide a trade surplus in bulk and high-value agricultural commodities and foods. Today, the U.S. food and agricultural enterprise faces formidable challenges that will test its long-term sustainability, competitiveness, and resilience. On its current path, future productivity in the U.S. agricultural system is likely to come with trade-offs. The success of agriculture is tied to natural systems, and these systems are showing signs of stress, even more so with the change in climate. More than a third of the food produced is unconsumed, an unacceptable loss of food and nutrients at a time of heightened global food demand. Increased food animal production to meet greater demand will generate more greenhouse gas emissions and excess animal waste. The U.S. food supply is generally secure, but is not immune to the costly and deadly shocks of continuing outbreaks of food-borne illness or to the constant threat of pests and pathogens to crops, livestock, and poultry. U.S. farmers and producers are at the front lines and will need more tools to manage the pressures they face. Science Breakthroughs to Advance Food and Agricultural Research by 2030 identifies innovative, emerging scientific advances for making the U.S. food and agricultural system more efficient, resilient, and sustainable. This report explores the availability of relatively new scientific developments across all disciplines that could accelerate progress toward these goals. It identifies the most promising scientific breakthroughs that could have the greatest positive impact on food and agriculture, and that are possible to achieve in the next decade (by 2030). Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Crops3 Animal Agriculture4 Food Science and Technology5 Soils6 Water-Use Efficiency and Productivity7 Data Science8 A Systems Approach9 Strategy for 2030Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee MembersAppendix B: Open Session Meeting AgendasAppendix C: IdeaBuzz Submissions Synopsis and Contributors

DKK 422.00
1

Evidence to Advance Reform in the Global Security and Justice Sectors - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National

Evidence to Advance Reform in the Global Security and Justice Sectors - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National

The U.S. Department of State, through its Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), provides foreign assistance and supports capacity building for criminal justice systems and police organizations in approximately 90 countries around the world. It has a mandate to strengthen fragile states, support democratic transitions, and stabilize conflict-affected societies by helping partner countries develop effective and accountable criminal justice sector institutions and systems. At the request of INL, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine assembled the Committee on Evidence to Advance Reform in the Global Security and Justice Sectors to review the available research evidence on police and policing practices, with emphasis on how police reform can promote the rule of law and protect the public. The 5 consensus studies that are part of this project provide evidence-driven policy and research recommendations for key stakeholders with the goal of informing capacity-building activities. This report is a compilation of those 5 studies. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction and Overview2 Organizational Structures for Policing3 Policies for Promoting Accountable Policing4 Proactive Policing Practices5 Conclusions and RecommendationsReferencesAppendix A: Validation ExerciseAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and StaffPolice Training to Promote the Rule of Law and Protect the PopulationAcknowledgmentsContentsSummary1 Introduction2 Reform-based Training3 Knowledge and Skills for Policing4 Training Methods and Delivery5 Committee ConclusionsReferencesAppendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and StaffPolicies and Practices to Minimize Police Use of Force InternationallyAcknowledgmentsContentsSummary1 Introduction2 Practices Designed to Regulate and Control Use of Force3 Committee's Conclusions and RecommendationsReferencesAppendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and StaffDeveloping Policing Practices that Build LegitimacyAcknowledgmentsContentsExecutive Summary1 Introduction2 Four Pillars of Legitimacy3 The State of the Empirical EvidenceReferencesAppendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and StaffPolice Strategies to Control High-Level Corruption: A Global PerspectiveAcknowledgmentsContentsExecutive Summary1 Introduction2 Case Studies of Anti-Corruption Initiatives3 The Need to Generate KnowledgeReferencesAppendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff

DKK 390.00
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HHS in the 21st Century - Committee On Improving The Organization Of The U.s. Department Of Health And Human Services To Adv - Bog - National

Gender Differences at Critical Transitions in the Careers of Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Faculty - Engineering Committee On Gender

Airport Passenger Screening Using Backscatter X-Ray Machines - National Materials And Manufacturing Board - Bog - National Academies Press -

Airport Passenger Screening Using Backscatter X-Ray Machines - National Materials And Manufacturing Board - Bog - National Academies Press -

Passenger screening at commercial airports in the United States has gone through significant changes since the events of September 11, 2001. In response to increased concern over terrorist attacks on aircrafts, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has deployed security systems of advanced imaging technology (AIT) to screen passengers at airports. To date (December 2014), TSA has deployed AITs in U.S. airports of two different technologies that use different types of radiation to detect threats: millimeter wave and X-ray backscatter AIT systems. X-ray backscatter AITs were deployed in U.S. airports in 2008 and subsequently removed from all airports by June 2013 due to privacy concerns. TSA is looking to deploy a second-generation X-ray backscatter AIT equipped with privacy software to eliminate production of an image of the person being screened in order to alleviate these concerns. This report reviews previous studies as well as current processes used by the Department of Homeland Security and equipment manufacturers to estimate radiation exposures resulting from backscatter X-ray advanced imaging technology system use in screening air travelers. Airport Passenger Screening Using Backscatter X-Ray Machines examines whether exposures comply with applicable health and safety standards for public and occupational exposures to ionizing radiation and whether system design, operating procedures, and maintenance procedures are appropriate to prevent over exposures of travelers and operators to ionizing radiation. This study aims to address concerns about exposure to radiation from X-ray backscatter AITs raised by Congress, individuals within the scientific community, and others. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Radiation Physics Relevant to Advanced Imaging Technology3 X-Ray Backscatter Advanced Imaging Technology4 Dosimetry for X-Ray Backscatter Advanced Imaging Technology5 Radiation Protection Standards6 Review of X-Ray Backscatter Advanced Imaging Technology Studies7 Measurements, Dose Calculations, and System Design for X-Ray Backscatter Advanced Imaging Technology SystemsAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Glossary, Acronyms, and AbbreviationsAppendix C: Organ Absorbed DosesAppendix D: Summary of Statistics from Previous StudiesAppendix E: Biographies of Committee Members and Contractors

DKK 422.00
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Using Technology to Advance Global Health - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Toward a Common Research Agenda in Infection-Associated Chronic Illnesses - Forum On Neuroscience And Nervous System Disorders - Bog - National

Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon - Board On Chemical Sciences And Technology - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon - Board On Chemical Sciences And Technology - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

In 2002, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched the Pharmaceutical Quality for the 21st Century Initiative to encourage adoption of innovative technologies that would lead to an agile, flexible pharmaceutical manufacturing sector. The goal was to encourage a transition to manufacturing processes and approaches that could produce high-quality drugs reliably without extensive regulatory oversight. Much progress has been made toward that goal as the industry has developed and advanced new technologies, but more progress is required as recent natural disasters and the coronavirus pandemic have revealed vulnerabilities in supply chains and highlighted the need to modernize pharmaceutical manufacturing further. At the request of the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon identifies emerging technologies - such as product technologies, manufacturing processes, control and testing strategies, and platform technologies - that have the potential to advance pharmaceutical quality and modernize pharmaceutical manufacturing for products regulated by CDER. This report describes many innovations to modernize the manufacture of drug substances and drug products, to advance new control approaches, and to develop integrated, flexible, and distributed manufacturing networks within 5-10 years. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Innovations in Manufacturing Drug Substances3 Innovations in Manufacturing Drug Products4 New Control Approaches to Enable Quality Assurance and Process Capability5 Innovations in Integrated, Flexible, and Distributed Manufacturing Networks6 Advancing Innovation: Observations, Challenges, Opportunities, and RecommendationsAppendix A: Biographic Information on the Committee to Identify Innovative Technologies to Advance Pharmaceutical ManufacturingAppendix B: Disclosure of Unavoidable Conflicts of InterestAppendix C: Workshop and Webinar AgendasAppendix D: Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Proceeding of a Workshop—in BriefAppendix E: Barriers to Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Proceeding of a Workshop—in Brief

DKK 396.00
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Exploring Tax Policy to Advance Population Health, Health Equity, and Economic Prosperity - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies